French cinema under the Occupation
Continental-Films (also known
as
Continental) was a film
production company financed and managed by the Germans at the time when
France was under Nazi Occupation during World War II. The company
was created in September 1940 by the Nazi Propaganda Minister Joseph
Goebbels to give the Germans some control over the French film
industry, as part of a strategy of suppressing French nationalism.
Under the direction of Alfred Greven, a former soldier and staunch
Nazi, the company produced thirty full-length films between 1941 and
1944. Thanks to the considerable resources provided by the
Germans and Greven's insistence on engaging only the best artists and
technicians in an attempt to rival the achievements of Hollywood, these
films were generally of exceptional quality and include a number that
are now regarded as classics of French cinema - notably
Le Corbeau,
La Main de diable,
Cécile est morte and
Au bonheur des dames.
All but one of the films produced by Continental were recorded at
Paris Studios Cinéma in Billancourt. Continental's
last film
Les Caves du majestic was shot at Neuilly, rue du Château.
Despite the German censorship, some of these films do contain subtle anti-Nazi
messages and hint at covert support for the French resistance, although
others, such as Maurice Tourneur's
Le Val d'enfer,
are blatantly pro-Vichy.
The list of directors who worked for Continental is truly impressive,
including such names as: Henri-Georges Clouzot, André Cayatte,
Maurice Tourneur and Christian-Jaque. Equally, the list of
actors includes some of the most talented and popular performers of the
day: Danielle Darrieux, Pierre Fresnay, Albert Préjean,
Fernandel.
After the Liberation of France by the Allies in 1944,
Continental was immediately wound
up, the last film to be made being
Les
Caves du Majestic.
The most notable film to made by Continental was the dark psychological
thriller
Le Corbeau.
This film acquired a reputation as Nazi propaganda and was banned
straight after the Liberation; its director, H.G. Clouzot, was
forbidden from making films for three years and its lead actor, Pierre
Fresnay, was imprisoned for six months.
Despite the association with the Nazi Occupation, the films made by
Continental constitute an integral
part of French cinema history, and represent French filmmaking in the
1940s at its best.