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Hamlet
1948 Drama
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Credits
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Director: Laurence Olivier
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Script: Laurence Olivier, William Shakespeare (play)
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Photo: Desmond Dickinson
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Music: William Walton
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Cast: Laurence Olivier (Hamlet),
Basil Sydney (Claudius),
Eileen Herlie (Gertrude),
Norman Wooland (Horatio),
Felix Aylmer (Polonius),
Terence Morgan (Laertes),
Jean Simmons (Ophelia),
John Laurie (Francisco),
Esmond Knight (Bernardo),
Anthony Quayle (Marcellus),
Stanley Holloway (Gravedigger),
Niall MacGinnis (Sea Captain),
Patrick Troughton (Player King),
Tony Tarver (Player Queen),
Peter Cushing (Osric),
Russell Thorndike (Priest),
Christopher Lee (Spear carrier)
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Country: UK
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Language: English
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Runtime: 155 min; B&W
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Summary
One night, atop the ramparts of Elsinore Castle, the ghostly apparition
of the recently deceased King of Denmark appears to his son Hamlet to
reveal that he was murdered by his brother, Claudius, so he could usurp
his throne and his wife, Gertrude. Hamlet’s thoughts turn
immediately to revenge, but before he can act he must first convince
himself of Claudius’s guilt. To that end, he feigns madness and
arranges for Claudius to watch a play which re-enacts the supposed
murder of the former king. The trap is sprung, but Hamlet still
cannot bring himself to avenge his father’s death. Meanwhile,
Claudius is convinced that Hamlet is insane and decides he must
die...
Review
Hamlet was the second and most
controversial of three film adaptations of Shakespeare plays to be
directed by the distinguished English actor Laurence Olivier - the
other two being Henry V
(1944) and Richard III
(1955). The purists condemned Olivier for the drastic cuts
he made which reduced the length of the play by about two hours.
Others praised him for his inspired and stylish re-interpretation of a
familiar and notoriously difficult play. Whilst the film retains
just over half of the Bard’s text (and omits several minor characters),
it is widely regarded as one of the best film adaptations of a
Shakespeare play. The film won four Oscars in 1949 - in the
categories of Best Picture, Best Actor (Olivier), Best Set design
(B&W) and Best Costumes.
Olivier’s Hamlet is far
darker, far more disturbing than most conventional stage versions of
the play. Olivier strips away anything that is not germane
to the main narrative thrust and focuses almost exclusively on Hamlet’s
mental anguish as an obsessive desire for revenge fights against a
childishly indecisive nature (at the heart of which is the famous "To
be, or nor to be" soliloquy). This turbulent inner conflict
is emphasised, very effectively, by the starkly expressionistic set
design and film noir lighting and camera techniques. A haunting
score - by none other than William Walton - adds to the film’s eerily
dreamlike aura, highlighting some very sinister undercurrents, such as
the suggested Oedipal relationship between Hamlet and his mother.
This is a far more stylised and subjective film than Olivier’s other
two Shakespeare adaptations - it contains the essence of the original
play but it is a work of art in its own right, with its own quite
distinctive character. The performances are impressive
(although perhaps not up to RSC standard), but what makes the film so
special are its inspired cinematographic touches, such as the movingly
lyrical portrayal of Ophelia’s descent into insanity and death.
The popular character actor Stanley Holloway gives a memorable turn as
the Gravedigger, and several other well-known British actors - John
Laurie, Anthony Quayle, Patrick Troughton, Peter Cushing and
Christopher Lee - can be seen in some very early film
roles. Indeed, you might say 'tis a consummation devoutly to be wished...
© James Travers 2008
For World Cinema on DVD...
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